In rare cases, when the ligaments do not heal properly, an orthopedic surgeon may evaluate your ankle for possible surgical treatment. Ankle arthritis causes chronic pain in the joint, often due to ...

Medically reviewed by Oluseun Olufade, MD A sprained ankle occurs when the ankle's ligaments—the tissues that connect the ...

However, some causes may require further treatment. Injuries that can cause ankle pain include ... (a muscle in the lower leg) behind the inside bone on the ankle and attaches to the sole of ...

Outcome measures included were pain level, ankle range of motion, swelling, functional score, stabilometry and gait parameters. The majority of the articles only assessed these outcome measures ...